Problems And Solutions For Information Poverty India Sociology Essay

Problems And Solutions For Information Poverty India Sociology Essay Introduction Todays world has become a small place due to the expansion and understanding of technology; globalisation is another major contributing factor that must receive credit for this expansion throughout the globe. This report will attempt to discuss and analyse some of the issues that surround information poverty with regards, to India. As a developing country, India is forecasted to become one of the worlds major player interns of economic power, globally. Before this can happen, India needs to make a transition from a developing country towards a developed country. It is the objective of this report to critically analyse, issues as well as suggesting solutions for them. This paper will attempt to introduce some of the theories and concepts that can be applied and analysing as well, some of the problems and then finally, discussing the issues in order to give recommendations with regards to India. India Currently over 1 billion people call India home, it is a wide and diverse culture that can trace its history back to the Indus Valley civilisation, which is a civilisation that can trace its history back over 4000 years (Stearns, 2006). It has seen numerous other civilisations that have invaded its borders and it has most recently been ruled by the British Empire. Although Britain profited from Indias resources it did leave an infrastructure which is still beneficial for India, in the form of its railways. India sought and received independence from its colonial masters in 1947. India is also one of only a select few countries throughout the globe that can claim nuclear capabilities as one of their achievements. It is also seen as one of the major developing markets throughout the globe but it has significant overpopulation mixed in with a large number of its citizens living in poverty and as with a lot of other countries throughout the globe it suffers from widespread corruption. In addition to this it still operates a caste system throughout its culture they can segregate its citizens to the point that the people at the bottom in some cases, must physically not even touch any superior caste (outcastes) (Stearns, 2006). It is estimated that in 2008 29% of its total population lived in urbanised areas and it is also estimated that its literacy rate currently stands at 61% (CIA, 2010). Information Society In order to understand what information poverty is, it is critical to understand what information Society is. In this section of the report the author will be looking at what information society is, by looking at the different theories that exist. authors such as Wiener (1948) highlighted in the early stages how information and communication would be significant in the future and later on other authors such as Bell (1973) continued to support this argument; it is fair to assume that Wiener (1948) and Bell (1973) did not realise how significant their papers would be with regards to todays world and new academics such as Freeman and Louc (2001) have had to highlight the changes that have occurred in ideologies with regards to the revolution That has occurred in todays world. Throughout the literature that is available, information Society has also been labelled differently by academics, examples of this include, information economy, post-modern society, surveillance society and as well as knowledge society. This also links to globalisation as it is a general consensus that globalisation has been significantly boosted by information and technology. Numerous authors such as Berman (2008); Floridi (2009); Hilbert, et al (2010); Poel, et al (2010) and Webster (1995) are in agreement that information Society theories have been drawn up in order to understand how information can flow throughout society as well as how it can be used and controlled. This is important as information and knowledge can be critical to an organisation as well as societies throughout the globe, it is also valuable as it affects everyone, from the top down. Berman, (2008) goes on to highlight how the theory of data pyramid can significantly add to a societys value by firstly (starting at the bottom) by increasing individual value this will lead on to the progression of community value which ultimately results in increased value throughout society as a whole. He goes on to highlight that with the increase through digital data collection society can benefit greatly through increasing infrastructure as well as stability, although responsibility is also increase d it has an overall side-effect that decreases the risk of any loss or damage to a nation. When it comes to information poverty authors such as Hilbert, et al (2010); Cullen, (2001); and significantly with Norriss (2001) paper that highlights the inequality and digital divide that can exist through a wide range of factors that include ethnicity, geography and more significantly factors such as income and education. It is crucial to understand that change can only exist by the impact of new technologies and strategies and these results in a complex level of change that will also alter social factors (Van Dijk and Hacker, 2003 and Warschauer 2003). When it comes to information poverty there are numerous papers that relate to the digital divide but it has created significant differences throughout the authors opinions as some authors such as Howard, et al (2009) highlight how in todays world, with the opening up of Borders there tends to be an increased level of parity with regards to bridging the gulf between the divide that currently exist, but another school of thought con cludes that this divide is in fact deepening (James, 2008 and Van Dijk and Hacker, 2003); Hilbert, et al (2010) draw attention to how that this issue has been attempted to be resolved in order to give a definitive answer, he states various compound measures have been created, so-called e-readiness indices, such as the ICT Development Index . Even though numerous authors have attempted to answer definitively the contentious issue that relates to the digital divide and even with implementations of indexes, there still lies a great level of confusion as there is no real consensus; this issue is compounded by the fact that any attempt to analyse the different mediums such as the Internet, given the increased level of complexity by communication and technology. Issues and examples The divide Some issues that relate to India with regards to information poverty surround the significant divide between the rich and poor, which can easily be seen throughout India. Although India is a developing country and it is expected to become one of the Worlds powerhouses, it can be assumed that in the future there would still be a divide with regards to wealth be it monetary value as well as access to information. This will lead to an underclass that would have restricted access throughout its citizens. As discussed previously by James, (2008); Van Dijk and Hacker, (2003); Hilbert, et al (2010); and Howard, et al (2009), there is a digital divide that relates to nations as well as globally. Consciousness The consciences of India is arguably, significantly less than those of Western countries due to the lack of exposure and access to mediums that will enable its citizens to expand their understanding with regards to accessing information as easily as those of developed countries. As numerous nations throughout the globe have realised that they need to alter their level of consciousness and awareness with regards to being informed of what is occurring around them, be it through policies or with the expansion of globalisation as an example. This can be shown by nations such as United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia understanding that planning for the future is a necessity in order to guarantee the success of its nation. Both these countries have worked tirelessly in order to improve the communication infrastructure as well as drawing upon expertise from all corners of the globe in order to consult an aide the development of their nation. Outsourcing India is one of the centres of the World with regards to globalisation as it has seen a significant amount of multinational and national corporations outsourcing their operations to Indian organisations. Most British citizens are aware that they are numerous companies outsourcing their call centres to India in order to reduce costs, but a significant proportion of the population might not know that India in fact has been receiving a steady supply of corporations that are willing to move departments and operations to India due to the amount of its citizens who have specialised in software and hardware development. This is a significant step forward in the development of information within India but it is crucial to understand that the intellectual property rights of the work that is being done within Indias borders tends to revert back to the country of origin. Infrastructure India is a wide and vast country with an estimated 1,173,108,018 (July 2010) people living within its borders and as such the level of its citizens that are Internet users only accounts for 81 million (2008, 4th in the world), which causes problems with regards to the clusters of its citizens who live in poverty and there are a large amount of its population that do not even have access to indoor plumbing let alone having access to Internet and telecommunications services. This clearly shows the level of information poverty that surrounds India such as the level of the population that have Telephones main lines, which only stands at 36.76 million as of 2010. Although major cities can see the development of its infrastructure with regards to the availability of Internet access but this cannot be said for rural India. Solutions The divide It is a myth to think that developed countries have perfect societies and democracies when it comes to society and politics and this can also be said for a developing country. Inroads must be made in order to try and bridge the gap between the haves and have-nots. This can only be done through a change of traditions and culture as well as the assistants of the elitist powers that be, who tend control Indias policies and wealth. A new social movement is required, one that does not take into account geography and the caste system. Consciousness By allowing Indias gifted students the opportunity to study abroad in order to experience different perspectives and knowledge skills then India can hopefully boost its level of consciousness within a society. Indias education system must also attempt to benefit those at the bottom with regards to enriching their experiences and knowledge. Programs which have been previously broadcasted on the BBC relating to informational videos provided by the Open University. It is a great way of highlighting how the media can assist its citizens by attempting to educate them in order to hopefully aid with its issue of information poverty. Outsourcing It is a common consensus that nations require four key ingredients for growth, land, labour and capital. The fourth is probably the most significant when it comes to this issue and it relates to entrepreneurship. India must attempt to tackle the brain drain that is occurring currently with regards to outsourcing. Although outsourcing is a crucial factor, India must attempt to produce its own intellectual property in order to capitalise more significantly on the ability to considerably increase its profits in order to increase its capital, to benefit India as a whole. Infrastructure Information poverty can be tackled significantly with the investment in its infrastructure. This has to be done by allowing the whole of the nation to have access to other information mediums. It is understandable that India is vast but instead of attempting to have access to every home, it should start by having centres in remote regions so they can experience some of the knowledge gained and this will require a significant amount of investment. Although the physical infrastructure is lacking it is key to note that further access can be done by mobile phone technology as there is approximately 545,000,000 Mobile telephones that exist currently. It is key to note that urban areas have a significant level of coverage compared to those of rural areas that are still lacking but crucially have seen a steady increase in its coverage. Recommendations As the examples above clearly show that there are numerous issues that relate to India with regards to information poverty. It is important to note that these are only a few of a vast array of issues that surround information society within India. Although numerous authors have different opinions as to whether there is an increase or a decrease with regards to the divide between the haves and have-nots; both points of views are valid as some assumptions can be made such as with globalisation, undeveloped and developing nations are rapidly closing the gap as a whole to those of developed nations, but on the other hand you can see with the likes of India; that although India is rapidly closing the gap to other nations, the same cannot be said if you look within India. An example of this is that urbanised areas are clearly rapidly improving whilst rural areas have not seen the same level of development. In order to address the issues that relate to information poverty, it is vital for India to first significantly invest in programs such as developing its infrastructure to those citizens that are lacking access to information. Through the support of the government, India can attempt to address these issues and it would also be beneficial to them with regards to aiding and bolstering their current success, as can be seen with the impressive figures from recent years that have shown its noteworthy growth (monetary value and influence). It is clear that for India to proceed with this plan it draw upon its knowledge and understanding in order to be able to negotiate freely with all parties to ultimately achieve its goals. Although throughout western countries you can see different levels of influence such as the upper-class, middle-class and working class, these distinctions have been somewhat skewed overtime as whole Bloodlines can no longer be categorised easily; this cannot be said of India as cultural differences are still a major influencing factor and as such it must be tackled through a wide range of policies such as equal opportunities laws and more significantly from some can of social movement, again this would require the support of both the people and most crucially the government in order to introduce political and legal legislations to tackle this issue.

Individual Analysis Essay

Individual Analysis Paper There are many factors that influence and guide the registered nurse (RN) in her daily nursing practice. These factors include state laws, professional requirements and responsibilities, and personal belief systems and values. All factors work together to provide competent, safe, and quality care for society as a whole. It is vital that the RN possess both awareness and understanding of the important role these factors play in his or her daily practice. The Scope of Nursing Practice The American Nurses Association (ANA) defines the Scope of Nursing Practice as, â€Å"the description of the who, what, where, when, why, and how of nursing practice that addresses the range of nursing practice activities common to all registered nurses (2010, p. 67).† The individual RN’s degree level, knowledge base, employment position, and patient population all determine the range to which he or she is able to work within the scope of practice (ANA, 2010). Effectively working within the full scope of practice requires the RN to be able to address all physical, social, spiritual, and emotional needs from admission to discharge; by means of patient advocacy, individualized teaching, treatment planning, and utilization of family and social support systems (Oelke, Besner, Doran, McGillis-Hall, & Giovanetti, 2008). Working on a behavioral services unit allows me to completely address the full range of patient needs on a daily basis. I collaborate with mental health professionals to address psychological needs, medical doctors to manage and treat physical conditions, social workers to deal with housing and family issues, and pastoral care to address the patient’s spiritual matters. I believe that issues of mind, body, and spirit must be equally addressed for complete patient care. Legal Regulations The Ohio Revised Code sets the legal standards through which a nurse is permitted to practice. Nursing laws are mandatory rules of behavior, and when broken can result in punishment, or even the loss of the RN’s nursing license. The Ohio Board of Nursing is responsible for the licensing all nurses, as well as for ensuring that all nursing standards are maintained. As an RN it is vital that I understand the legal limits to my nursing practice. For example, I cannot legally prescribe medications, but I have the authority to administer medications under the supervision of a licensed physician. Always practicing within these defined limits assures safe patient care, nursing competence, and protection of the RN’s license. The Development of Practice The Code of Ethics for Nurses was developed as a guide for carrying out all nursing responsibilities in a manner consistent with quality nursing care and the ethical obligations of the profession (Fowler, 2010). I will be discussing provisions seven, eight, and nine of the nursing code of ethics. Provision seven requires nurses to contribute to the promotion of the profession through involvement in the workplace, the maintaining of professional standards, and the participation in academic activities (Fowler, 2010). As an RN I have not contributed to the promotion of the profession through workplace involvement. I have had numerous opportunities to join work related committees, mentoring programs, or participate in the orientation of new RN’s. Until now have refused based on the fact I am enrolled in school. I was recently approached by my nurse manager and asked to help orient a new class of RN’s. I accepted the challenge and will start the orientation process in late September. Provision eight necessitates that all nurses work inter-professionally with other health care professionals, as well as with the community, to meet all health care needs on a municipal, federal, and global level (Fowler, 2010). Nurses must possess an understanding of both global health issues, as well as community health concerns. Working on a behavioral services unit, means that I frequently deal with the homeless or shelter living populations of my city. As nurse I know that this patient population is more susceptible to preventable communicable diseases. I work hard to encourage any patients who either homeless or live in local shelters to take advantage of the hospitals flu and pneumonia vaccines. My effort in this area helps maintain public and personal health, as well as prevent the spread of communicable diseases. Provision nine dictates that the entire nursing profession and all of its associations are accountable for upholding the integrity of the profession, the promotion of nursing values, and influencing social course of action (Fowler, 2010). It is vital that all nurses hold themselves, their peers, and other healthcare professionals to the utmost level of integrity and professionalism. I must admit that this I find this provision to be the most challenging for me professionally. I have no problem holding myself to the highest professional standards, but have a hard time holding my peers to the same standard of care. Recently, a peer chose not to medically address a patient’s incredibly high blood pressure. She reported to me that it was merely a side effect of the patient’s agitation, and assured me the high blood pressure was being controlled with an a ntipsychotic. I could not believe what I was hearing, and immediately called a medical doctor for help. In retrospect I should have had the courage to both confront my peer’s lack of concern, as well as report her disregard for the patient’s well-being. Philosophical Beliefs Philosophy is defined as, â€Å"the intense and critical examination of beliefs and assumptions (Burkhardt & Nathaniel, 2008, p. 27). Philosophy can be further divided into the philosophy of knowledge and the philosophy of practice (Burkhardt & Nathaniel, 2008). The philosophy of knowledge concerns suppositions regarding truth and disagreement, and the philosophy of practice concerns suppositions regarding behaviors and morals (Burkhardt & Nathaniel, 2008). Philosophical beliefs can affect they type of care that the patient ultimately receives. If the nurse is not able to see the patient as an autonomous individual, care will ultimately be substandard. Part of my work as a psychiatric RN is helping patients deal with drug and alcohol addiction issues. Over the course of my nursing career I have helped hundreds of patients go through drug detoxification. Because my department deals with a lot of recidivism, it is very easy for a nurse in my role assume that all drug addicted patients are unmotivated in maintaining sobriety. I must always be on guard against developing a jaded attitude about my patient’s chances for maintaining his or her sobriety. If I assume the patient is not committed to his or her sobriety I may give end up giving substandard care. Before the start of each shift I remind myself that each patient is an individual, and must not be judged based on my own assumptions or personal experiences. How Ethics Influence Nursing Practice Ethics is a moral philosophy, a deliberate opinion of right and wrong (Naman, Nystrom, & Eriksson, 2012). Two ethical theories related to nursing are utilitarianism and deontology. The theory of utilitarianism believes that all ethical decisions should be based on the greatest benefit to the greatest number of people, and theory of deontology believes that all ethical decisions should be based on what is best for the individual person (Burkhardt & Nathaniel, 2008). Nursing values include: kindness, truthfulness, fairness, discretion, independence, loyalty, and nonmaleficence (Burkhardt & Nathaniel, 2008). The RN’s understanding of her own personal values is required for the delivery of quality care, because the art of caring manifests itself as a personal value (Nasman, Nystrom, & Eriksson, 2012). As a psychiatric RN on an acute behavioral unit I frequently care for the underserved population of my community. Most of my patients have a history of violence against peers, are uninsured, homeless, or abused. Caring for this cross section of society can be challenging to say the least. It is necessary that I as the RN approach each patient as an individual; deserving of kindness, patience, and honesty. This approach treats each patient with the respect and dignity he or she deserves. On several occasions my patients have told me that I cared for them better than their own parents. I believe that all patients are entitled to the highest quality of care regardless of their current psychosocial standing. Many factors play a role in the individual nurse’s daily practice and quality of care. It is vital that the RN professionally act within the legal standards and limitations set by forth by state laws. The RN must always strive to work fully within his or her scope of practice. Individual understanding of the code of ethics is fundamental in maintaining the integrity of the profession for all nurses. Awareness and self-assessment of the RN’s personal philosophical beliefs and value system are fundamental in providing quality care to all patients. When the RN has an understanding of all of these factors, quality patient care is assured.

PG Japan; Sk-2 - 1762 Words

* Case Paper: Pamp;G Japan: The SK-II Globalization Project Mina Uwakubo Hawaii Pacific University Mr. Louis R. Collazo MGMT 6310 April 8, 2012 SK-II’s success is not only prestige skin care product or advanced technology but also its marketing approach to build the new brand. Pamp;G succeeded to connect between the core technology or product concept and local market. Through Japanese market among the world’s toughest competitors, Pamp;G developed potential source of innovations. In addition, SK-II’s marketing strategy built a new approach, Market research, Concept, Packaging, Positioning, Communications strategy. It was a big challenge that Pamp;G shifted from Mass marketing, such as Olay brand, to Class marketing. SK-II’s†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Price: Premium price †¢ Place: Luxury and counter at department store †¢ Promotion: Counseling by beauty counselor, TV advertising, Beauty magazines Pamp;G utilized and rebuilt its distribution channels of using trained personnel at beauty counters throughout Japan. SK-II’s success had been achieved in a culture where the customers, distribution channels, and competitors were different from in other countries. For example, Japanese customers more educated, average Japanese women spent 4.5 minutes on her face cleansing, and most sophisticated users of beauty products in the world. On the other hand, in China customers due to Olay’s education recently moved from a one-step skin care process to a three-step cleansing and moisturizing process. However, unlike China, Europe had a large and sophisticated group of beauty-conscious customers who is already practiced a multistep regimen. As we see it is model is transferable but they have to modify some of models characteristic depending on customers behavior, competitors and market factor. Pamp;G Japan’s competitive advantage is firm-specific but SK-II’s advantage is country-specific. I would suggest that de Cesare would be to expand SK-II brand within Japan. The company should continue to build on SK-II’s success in Japan. By building on brands success in the proven domestic market, Procter amp; Gamble would beShow MoreRelatedPG Japan: the Sk-Ii Globalization Project1692 Words   |  7 Pagesbefore deciding what to recommend in your SK-II presentation to the global leadership team (GLT)? What kind of analysis will you need to do in preparing for that meeting? There are many factors that need to be considered when deciding recommendations to the GLT of SK-II. 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Vegetables in Japanese Vocabulary

Although there are no strict rules, some of the names of fruits are commonly written in katakana. Click link to hear the pronunciation. You can also check out my Japanese Audio Phrasebook to learn more Japanese vocabulary. vegetablesyasai野è Å" spinachhourensou㠁 »Ã£ â€ Ã£â€šÅ'ã‚“è â€° potatojagaimo㠁˜ã‚Æ'㠁Å'㠁„ã‚‚ pumpkinkabocha㠁‹ã  ¼Ã£  ¡Ã£â€šÆ' mushroomkinoko㠁 Ã£  ®Ã£ â€œ cabbagekyabetsuã‚ ­Ã£Æ' £Ã£Æ'™ãÆ'„ cucumberkyuuri㠁 Ã£â€šâ€¦Ã£ â€ Ã£â€šÅ  beansmameè ±â€  bean sproutsmoyashiもや㠁â€" eggplantnasu㠁 ªÃ£ â„¢ green onionnegi㠁 ­Ã£ Å½ carrotninjin㠁 «Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£ ËœÃ£â€šâ€œ garlicninniku㠁 «Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  «Ã£   parsleypaseriãÆ'‘ã‚ »Ã£Æ' ª green pepperpiimanãÆ'ӋÆ' ¼Ã£Æ'žãÆ' ³ lettuceretasuãÆ' ¬Ã£â€š ¿Ã£â€š ¹ sweet potatosatsumaimo㠁•ã  ¤Ã£  ¾Ã£ â€žÃ£â€šâ€š celeryseroriã‚ »Ã£Æ' ­Ã£Æ' ª bamboo shoottakenoko㠁Ÿã â€˜Ã£  ®Ã£ â€œ oniontamanegi㠁Ÿã  ¾Ã£  ­Ã£ Å½ tomatotomatoãÆ'ˆãÆ'žãÆ'ˆ